Las organizaciones no gubernamentales y la ayuda oficial al desarrollo: Una aproximación teórica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/psa.v4i1.153Palabras clave:
AOD, cooperación internacional, eficacia, ONG, sociedad civilResumen
Las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG) han emergido como actores estratégicos en el escenario de la cooperación internacional al desarrollo, canalizando flujos significativos de Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo (AOD) hacia comunidades vulnerables de países en desarrollo. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar, desde una perspectiva teórica, la relación entre las ONG y la AOD, examinando los principales marcos conceptuales que orientan su interacción, los mecanismos de financiamiento existentes y los debates académicos relacionados con su eficacia y legitimidad. Para ello, se adoptó una metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura científica publicada entre 2000 y 2024, seleccionándose 78 fuentes primarias provenientes de bases de datos especializadas como Scopus, Web of Science y JSTOR, siguiendo los lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA. Los resultados evidenciaron que las ONG desempeñan un papel complementario y, en determinados contextos, sustitutivo de la acción estatal en la provisión de bienes públicos globales; sin embargo, su eficacia se encuentra condicionada por factores como la autonomía institucional, la transparencia en la rendición de cuentas, la capacidad técnica y la alineación con las prioridades de desarrollo de los países receptores. Se concluye que la maximización del impacto de la AOD canalizada mediante ONG requiere marcos regulatorios sólidos, mecanismos de evaluación participativa y una mayor articulación con las políticas nacionales de desarrollo sostenible, contribuyendo así al debate teórico sobre la arquitectura contemporánea de la cooperación internacional.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Wilson Salazar Ventura
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
